Electrically-assisted turbochargers combine exhaust-powered turbines with electric motors to reduce turbo lag. Twin-scroll turbochargers use two separate exhaust gas inlets to optimize exhaust gas flow, while variable-geometry turbochargers adjust the turbine housing geometry to maintain the optimum aspect ratio. The turbine extracts kinetic energy from exhaust gases to power the compressor, which pressurizes intake air before entering the engine. The main components of a turbocharger include a turbine, compressor, and center housing hub rotating assembly. Turbochargers for passenger cars gained popularity in the 1980s, with the first models being the Chevrolet Corvair Monza and Oldsmobile Jetfire in 1962. During World War II, they were used in various aircraft engines, and Swiss truck manufacturer Saurer pioneered their use in the 1930s. Turbochargers were first used commercially in 1925, increasing the power output of diesel engines in two large passenger ships. The birth of the turbocharger is often attributed to Swiss engineer Alfred Büchi's 1905 patent, with the first prototype completed in 1915. The history of turbochargers began in 1878 with the invention of mechanically-powered superchargers.
It uses this energy to compress the intake air, forcing more air into the engine in order to produce more power for a given displacement. In an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger (also known as a turbo or a turbosupercharger) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases.
Cut-away view turbocharger (turbine section on the left, compressor section on the right)
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